NS3

간단 설치법

• June 2008: ns-3 first stable release
  - simulator core, TCP/IPv4, point-to-point, CSMA,WiFi device models, mobility models
• September 2008:
  - Python bindings, real-time scheduler, emulation, posix-like process API, initial IPv6 support, statistics framework
• December 2008:
  - additional IPv6, quagga routing, Linux TCP port, others TBD

 NS examples for wireless scenario

[ A Simple One | A Complex One | Link Error Example  | Back to Network Simulator 2 for Wireless ]

This is a simple test scenario for 4x4 grid and 4 flows.

# ===================================================
# Author: ZHIBIN WU 06/19/2003
# ==================================================
# Zhibin Wu  create this script to measure the pure
# throughput of 802.11 MAC, default data rate is 2Mbps
#

# handling command-line parameters first
if {$argc == 4} {
	set cbr_size [lindex $argv 0]
	set cbr_interval [lindex $argv 1]
	set num_row [lindex $argv 2]
        set time_duration [lindex $argv 3]
} else {
	set cbr_size 500
	set cbr_interval 0.002
	set num_row 2
	set time_duration 100
}
puts " the size of packet is $cbr_size and the interval of pkt is $cbr_interval
       the size of grid is $num_row, duration is $time_duration seconds "


# ======================================================================
# Define options
# ======================================================================
set val(chan)           Channel/WirelessChannel    ;# channel type
set val(prop)           Propagation/TwoRayGround   ;# radio-propagation model
set val(netif)          Phy/WirelessPhy            ;# network interface type
#set val(mac)           Mac/802_11                 ;# MAC type
#set val(ifq)           Queue/DropTail/PriQueue    ;# interface queue type
set val(mac)            Mac/PR_TDMA
set val(ifq)            Queue/TDMAScheduler
set val(ll)             LL                         ;# link layer type
set val(ant)            Antenna/OmniAntenna        ;# antenna model
set val(ifqlen)         50                         ;# max packet in ifq
#set val(nn)             $num_node                  ;# number of mobilenodes

set val(rp)             DSDV                  ;# routing protocol

# ======================================================================
# Main Program
# ======================================================================


#
# Initialize Global Variables
#
set ns_		[new Simulator]
set tracefd     [open simple.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd

# set up topography object
set topo       [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 5000 5000


set chan1 [new $val(chan)]

#
# Create God
#
create-god [expr $num_row * $num_row ]

#
#  Create the specified number of mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and "attach" them
#  to the channel. 


# configure node

        $ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
			 -llType $val(ll) \
			 -macType $val(mac) \
			 -ifqType $val(ifq) \
			 -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
			 -antType $val(ant) \
			 -propType $val(prop) \
			 -phyType $val(netif) \
			 -channel  $chan1 \
			 -topoInstance $topo \
			 -agentTrace ON \
			 -routerTrace OFF\
			 -macTrace ON \
			 -movementTrace OFF			

			 		 
	for {set i 0} {$i < [expr $num_row*$num_row ] } {incr i} {
		set node_($i) [$ns_ node]	
		 $node_($i) random-motion 0		;# disable random motion
	}

#
# Provide initial (X,Y, for now Z=0) co-ordinates for mobilenodes
#
#for {set k 0} {} {incr k}
set k 0;
while {$k < $num_row } {
    for {set i 0} {$i < $num_row } {incr i} {
         set m [expr $i+$k*$num_row];
	 $node_($m) set X_ [expr $i*240];
	 $node_($m) set Y_ [expr $k*240+20.0];
	 $node_($m) set Z_ 0.0	

	 }
	 incr k;
};

set j [expr $num_row *($num_row -1)]
#j = 4*3 =12
#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_row } {incr i} {

set n [expr $i+$j]
#set n 8
set udp_($i) [new Agent/UDP]
#$ns_ attach-agent $node_($i) $udp_($i)

set cbr_($i) [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr_($i) set packetSize_ $cbr_size
$cbr_($i) set interval_ 0.5
$cbr_($i) attach-agent $udp_($i)

set null_($i) [new Agent/Null]
#$ns_ attach-agent $node_($n) $null_($i)

#$ns_ connect $udp_($i) $null_($i)

}

$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $udp_(0)
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(7) $udp_(1)
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $udp_(2)
#$ns_ attach-agent $node_(7) $udp_(3)

$ns_ attach-agent $node_(6) $null_(0)
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $null_(1)
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(8) $null_(2)
#$ns_ attach-agent $node_(15) $null_(3)

for {set i 0} {$i < $num_row } {incr i} {
  $ns_ connect $udp_($i) $null_($i)
}

# Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0

$ns_ at 11.0234 "$cbr_(0) start"
$ns_ at 10.4578 "$cbr_(1) start" 
$ns_ at 12.7184 "$cbr_(2) start"
#$ns_ at 12.2456 "$cbr_(3) start" 
for {set i 0} {$i < 3 } {incr i} {
$ns_ at 50 "$cbr_($i) set interval_ $cbr_interval"
}

# Tell nodes when the simulation ends
#
for {set i 0} {$i < [expr $num_row*$num_row] } {incr i} {
    $ns_ at [expr $time_duration +10.0] "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at [expr $time_duration +10.0] "finish"
$ns_ at [expr $time_duration +10.01] "puts \"NS Exiting...\"; $ns_ halt"

proc finish {} {
    global ns_ tracefd
    $ns_ flush-trace
    close $tracefd
}

puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run

However, a more professional way to write the test tcl is to following the way in ns examples. For example, it is better to write traffic patten file and mobility file seperately and then source them in the main test tcl. Those files are generated respectively with cbrgen and setdest tools. Those files are ususally stored in "/ns-2.??/tcl/mobility/scene" directory.

This is an example for DSDV routing with 50 nodes in a 670*670 m² area

# ======================================================================
# Default Script Options
# ======================================================================
set opt(chan)		Channel/WirelessChannel
set opt(prop)		Propagation/TwoRayGround
#set opt(netif)		NetIf/SharedMedia
set opt(netif)		Phy/WirelessPhy
#set opt(mac)		Mac/802_11
set opt(mac)		Mac/802_11
set opt(ifq)		Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set opt(ll)		LL
set opt(ant)            Antenna/OmniAntenna

set opt(x)		670	;# X dimension of the topography
set opt(y)		670		;# Y dimension of the topography
set opt(cp)		"../mobility/scene/cbr-50-10-4-512"
set opt(sc)		"../mobility/scene/scen-670x670-50-600-20-0"

set opt(ifqlen)		50		;# max packet in ifq
set opt(nn)		50		;# number of nodes
set opt(seed)		0.0
set opt(stop)		1000.0		;# simulation time
set opt(tr)		out.tr		;# trace file
set opt(rp)             dsdv            ;# routing protocol script
set opt(lm)             "off"           ;# log movement

# ======================================================================

#set AgentTrace			ON
#set RouterTrace		ON
#set MacTrace			OFF     #useless code, the only way to toggle Mac trace on is to use node-config

LL set mindelay_		50us
LL set delay_			25us
LL set bandwidth_		0	;# not used
LL set off_prune_		0	;# not used
LL set off_CtrMcast_		0	;# not used

Agent/Null set sport_		0
Agent/Null set dport_		0

Agent/CBR set sport_		0
Agent/CBR set dport_		0

Agent/TCPSink set sport_	0
Agent/TCPSink set dport_	0

Agent/TCP set sport_		0
Agent/TCP set dport_		0
Agent/TCP set packetSize_	1460

Queue/DropTail/PriQueue set Prefer_Routing_Protocols    1

# unity gain, omni-directional antennas
# set up the antennas to be centered in the node and 1.5 meters above it
Antenna/OmniAntenna set X_ 0
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Y_ 0
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Z_ 1.5
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Gt_ 1.0
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Gr_ 1.0

# Initialize the SharedMedia interface with parameters to make
# it work like the 914MHz Lucent WaveLAN DSSS radio interface
Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 10.0
Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 1.559e-11
Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 3.652e-10
Phy/WirelessPhy set Rb_ 2*1e6
Phy/WirelessPhy set Pt_ 0.2818
Phy/WirelessPhy set freq_ 914e+6 
Phy/WirelessPhy set L_ 1.0

# ======================================================================

proc usage { argv0 }  {
	puts "Usage: $argv0"
	puts "\tmandatory arguments:"
	puts "\t\t\[-x MAXX\] \[-y MAXY\]"
	puts "\toptional arguments:"
	puts "\t\t\[-cp conn pattern\] \[-sc scenario\] \[-nn nodes\]"
	puts "\t\t\[-seed seed\] \[-stop sec\] \[-tr tracefile\]\n"
}


proc getopt {argc argv} {
	global opt
	lappend optlist cp nn seed sc stop tr x y

	for {set i 0} {$i < $argc} {incr i} {
		set arg [lindex $argv $i]
		if {[string range $arg 0 0] != "-"} continue

		set name [string range $arg 1 end]
		set opt($name) [lindex $argv [expr $i+1]]
	}
}


proc cmu-trace { ttype atype node } {
	global ns_ tracefd

	if { $tracefd == "" } {
		return ""
	}
	set T [new CMUTrace/$ttype $atype]
	$T target [$ns_ set nullAgent_]
	$T attach $tracefd
        $T set src_ [$node id]

        $T node $node

	return $T
}




proc log-movement {} {
    global logtimer ns_ ns

    set ns $ns_
    source ../mobility/timer.tcl
    Class LogTimer -superclass Timer
    LogTimer instproc timeout {} {
	global opt node_;
	for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn)} {incr i} {
	    $node_($i) log-movement
	}
	$self sched 0.1
    }

    set logtimer [new LogTimer]
    $logtimer sched 0.1
}

# ======================================================================
# Main Program
# ======================================================================
getopt $argc $argv

#
# Source External TCL Scripts
#
#source ../lib/ns-mobilenode.tcl

#if { $opt(rp) != "" } {
	#source ../mobility/$opt(rp).tcl
	#} elseif { [catch { set env(NS_PROTO_SCRIPT) } ] == 1 } {
	#puts "\nenvironment variable NS_PROTO_SCRIPT not set!\n"
	#exit
#} else {
	#puts "\n*** using script $env(NS_PROTO_SCRIPT)\n\n";
        #source $env(NS_PROTO_SCRIPT)
#}
#source ../lib/ns-cmutrace.tcl
source ../lib/ns-bsnode.tcl
source ../mobility/com.tcl

# do the get opt again incase the routing protocol file added some more
# options to look for
getopt $argc $argv

if { $opt(x) == 0 || $opt(y) == 0 } {
	usage $argv0
	exit 1
}

if {$opt(seed) > 0} {
	puts "Seeding Random number generator with $opt(seed)\n"
	ns-random $opt(seed)
}

#
# Initialize Global Variables
#
set ns_		[new Simulator]
set chan	[new $opt(chan)]
set prop	[new $opt(prop)]
set topo	[new Topography]
set tracefd	[open $opt(tr) w]

$topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y)

$prop topography $topo

#
# Create God
#
create-god $opt(nn)


#
# log the mobile nodes movements if desired
#
if { $opt(lm) == "on" } {
    log-movement
}

 $ns_ node-config -macTrace ON


#
#  Create the specified number of nodes $opt(nn) and "attach" them
#  the channel.
#  Each routing protocol script is expected to have defined a proc
#  create-mobile-node that builds a mobile node and inserts it into the
#  array global $node_($i)
#

if { [string compare $opt(rp) "dsr"] == 0} { 
	for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn) } {incr i} {
		dsr-create-mobile-node $i
	}
} elseif { [string compare $opt(rp) "dsdv"] == 0} { 
	for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn) } {incr i} {
		dsdv-create-mobile-node $i
	}
}



#
# Source the Connection and Movement scripts
#
if { $opt(cp) == "" } {
	puts "*** NOTE: no connection pattern specified."
        set opt(cp) "none"
} else {
	puts "Loading connection pattern..."
	source $opt(cp)
}


#
# Tell all the nodes when the simulation ends
#
for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn) } {incr i} {
    $ns_ at $opt(stop).000000001 "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $opt(stop).00000001 "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt"


if { $opt(sc) == "" } {
	puts "*** NOTE: no scenario file specified."
        set opt(sc) "none"
} else {
	puts "Loading scenario file..."
	source $opt(sc)
	puts "Load complete..."
}


puts $tracefd "M 0.0 nn $opt(nn) x $opt(x) y $opt(y) rp $opt(rp)"
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 sc $opt(sc) cp $opt(cp) seed $opt(seed)"
puts $tracefd "M 0.0 prop $opt(prop) ant $opt(ant)"

puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run

      

Note that all options listed in the beginning of the file could be initialized with command line arguments by using "getopt $argc $argv"

     
..........
proc UniformErr {} {
                set err [new ErrorModel]
                $err unit packet
                $err set rate_ 0.05
                return $err
        }
        # $err rate_ 0.5  "invalid command ErrModel::Command does not support"
        # the other valid method is " set err [new ErrorModel/Uniform 0.05 pkt] "
        # the parameter rate ( 0 or 0.9) is a threshold that all packets all going through and 90% packets are
        # going to be drop

     proc TwoStateMarkovErr {} {

                set tmp0 [new ErrorModel/Uniform 0 pkt]
                set tmp1 [new ErrorModel/Uniform .7 pkt]

                 # Array of states (error models)
                set m_states [list $tmp0 $tmp1]
                 # Durations for each of the states, tmp, tmp1 and tmp2, respectively
                set m_periods [list 0.1 .075 ]
        # Transition state model matrix
        set m_transmx { {0.9   0.1 }
                        {0.7   0.3 } }
        set m_trunit byte
        # Use time-based transition
        set m_sttype time
        set m_nstates 2
        set m_nstart [lindex $m_states 0]

        set em [new ErrorModel/MultiState $m_states $m_periods $m_transmx \
                $m_trunit $m_sttype $m_nstates $m_nstart]
        return $em
    }

      $ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
                         -llType $val(ll) \
                         -macType $val(mac) \
                         -ifqType $val(ifq) \
                         -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
                         -antType $val(ant) \
                         -propType $val(prop) \
                         -phyType $val(netif) \
                         -channel  $chan1 \
                         -topoInstance $topo \
                         -agentTrace ON \
                         -routerTrace OFF\
                         -macTrace ON \
                         -movementTrace OFF \
                         -IncomingErrProc TwoStateMarkovErr
                         #\
                         #-OutcomingErrProc TwoStateMarkovErr

#The other way to configure error
#        $ns_ node-config --IncomingErrProc $opt(err)

출처 : http://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/%7Ezhibinwu/html/NS_examp.html#Example_3

출처 : http://aza97.egloos.com/

이렇게 하면 input_file.tr 의 첫번째와 네번째 인자를 가지고 xgraph로 그려준다. 이때, xgraph의 옵션도 줄수 있다.

xgraph의 옵션을 살펴보자.

출처 : http://www.joon.pe.kr/blog/32

-brw 0.6  : border width 를 0.6으로
-nl : line을 보여주지 않음
-ng : legend 를 보여주지 않음
-x "Adv Interval" : x축의 unit name
-y "Time(s)"  : y축의 unit name

출처 : 네이버 지식인

출처 : 내머리^^;

 genstats.awk
 throughput.awk


--=-4u/lpYXeoH45EUz4ZptR
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Here are two awk scripts that will calculate throughput from the output
of a CMU trace file for wireless networks. The first will display for
each node: node id, total number of bytes received, total time, and
average throughput. 

The second script is more involved and will output average delay,
dropped packets, collisions, etc over all nodes on the WLAN. In addition
it will create the files throughput.dat, delay.dat, and rate.day for the
delay/throughput/rate measured at each node.  The script was written for
a simulation with a fixed packet size (1000 bytes), so the script counts
packets not bytes. It may not be useful because it is very specific for
the simulation I was running, but it gives an example of how to generate
more statistics out of the trace file.

Unfortunately, I do not remember from whom I obtained the original awk
script for throughput (from someone on this list?).  My apologies to the
author.

To run the script on trace file, out.tr: 
  throughput < out.tr

m

On Mon, 2002-09-09 at 12:55, Bhaskar Anepu wrote:
> 
> Hi,
>    I'm facing a problem plotting thruput curves using
> tracegraph as my trace files are very big (around 120
> Mb each). i would appreciate if you mail some perl
> scripts so that i can go through them and start
> writing my own stuff. 
> 
> Regards,
> Bhaskar.

-- 
Michael Mercurio
lafcadio@bu.edu

--=-4u/lpYXeoH45EUz4ZptR
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=throughput
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; name=throughput; charset=ISO-8859-1

#!/usr/bin/awk -f
#
# AWK script to compute throughput of nodes
# in ns trace output file.
#
# - Only nodes that have received data will
#   be counted (throughput of 0 not reported).
# - Only Agent (AGT) data is counted.
#=20
# Throughput is:=20
#    total bytes received / tdelta
#
# where tdelta is the time difference
# of when the first packet is sent=20
# and the last packet is received.
#
# Last updated: March 30, 2002 0912 mm=20
/ AGT / {
# these are for the new trace
#   new_time   =3D $3;
#   new_node   =3D $9=20
#   new_bytes  =3D $37

   event =3D $1
   time =3D $2;
   node =3D $3;
   bytes =3D $8;

# strip leading and trailing _ from node
   sub(/^_*/, "", node);=20
   sub(/_*$/, "", node);

   if ( event =3D=3D "s" ) {
      if ( time < start_time[node] || start_time[node] =3D=3D 0 )
         start_time[node] =3D time;
   }
   else if ( event =3D=3D "r" ) {
      if ( time > end_time[node] )=20
         end_time[node] =3D time;
      total_bytes[node] +=3D bytes;
   }
}
END {
    for ( node in total_bytes ) {
       if ( total_bytes[node] > 0 ) {
          tdelta =3D end_time[node] - start_time[node];
          printf("%d %d %f %d\n",=20
                 node,=20
                 total_bytes[node],=20
                 tdelta,
                 total_bytes[node]*8 / tdelta);
       }
   }
}

--=-4u/lpYXeoH45EUz4ZptR
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=genstats
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; name=genstats; charset=ISO-8859-1

#! /usr/bin/awk -f
#
# Parse a ns2 wireless trace file and generate the following stats:
# - number of flows (senders)
# - time of simulation run
# - number of packets sent (at the Application)
# - number of packets received (at the Application)
# - number of packets dropped (at the Application)
# - number of collisions (802.11)
# - average delay
# - average throughput
# - average traffic rate (measured)
#
# Last updated: April 5, 2002 0113 mm
function average (array) {
    sum =3D 0;
    items =3D 0;
    for (i in array) {
        sum +=3D array[i];
        items++;
    }
#    printf("DEBUG                sum is %d, items is %d\n", sum, items);
    if (sum =3D=3D 0 || items =3D=3D 0)
        return 0;           =20
    else
        return sum / items;
}

function max( array ) {
    for (i in array) {
        if (array[i] > largest)
            largest =3D array[i];
    }
    return largest;
}

function min(array) {
    for (i in array) {
        if (0 =3D=3D smallest)
            smallest =3D array[i];
        else if (array[i] < smallest)
            smallest =3D array[i];
    }
    return smallest;
}
BEGIN {
    total_packets_sent =3D 0;
    total_packets_received =3D 0;
    total_packets_dropped =3D 0;
    first_packet_sent =3D 0;
    last_packet_sent =3D 0;
    last_packet_received =3D 0;
}
{
    event =3D $1;
    time =3D $2;
    node =3D $3;
    type =3D $4;
    reason =3D $5;
    packetid =3D $6;

# strip leading and trailing _ from node
    sub(/^_*/, "", node);=20
    sub(/_*$/, "", node);

    if ( time < simulation_start || simulation_start =3D=3D 0 )
        simulation_start =3D time;
    if ( time > simulation_end )
        simulation_end =3D time;

    if ( reason =3D=3D "COL" )
            total_collisions++;

    if ( type =3D=3D "AGT" ) {
        nodes[node] =3D node; # to count number of nodes
        if ( time < node_start_time[node] || node_start_time[node] =3D=3D 0=
 )
            node_start_time[node] =3D time;

        if ( time > node_end_time[node] )
            node_end_time[node] =3D time;

        if ( event =3D=3D "s" ) {
            flows[node] =3D node; # to count number of flows
            if ( time < first_packet_sent || first_packet_sent =3D=3D 0 )
                first_packet_sent =3D time;
            if ( time > last_packet_sent )
                last_packet_sent =3D time;
            # rate
            packets_sent[node]++;
            total_packets_sent++;

            # delay
            pkt_start_time[packetid] =3D time;
        }
        else if ( event =3D=3D "r" ) {
            if ( time > last_packet_received )
                last_packet_received =3D time;
            # throughput
            packets_received[node]++;
            total_packets_received++;
           =20
            # delay
            pkt_end_time[packetid] =3D time;
        }
        else if ( event =3D=3D "D" ) {
            total_packets_dropped++;
#           pkt_end_time[packetid] =3D time; # EXPERIMENTAL=20
        }
    }
}
END {
    print "" > "throughput.dat";
    print "" > "rate.dat";
    number_flows =3D 0;
    for (i in flows)
        number_flows++;

    # find dropped packets
    if ( total_packets_sent !=3D total_packets_received ) {
        printf("***OUCH*** Dropped Packets!\n\n");
        for ( packetid in pkt_start_time ) {
            if ( 0 =3D=3D pkt_end_time[packetid] ) {
                total_packets_dropped++;
#               pkt_end_time[packetid] =3D simulation_end; # EXPERIMENTAL
            }
        }
    }

    for (i in nodes) {
        if ( packets_received[i] > 0 ) {
            end =3D node_end_time[i];
            start =3D node_start_time[i - number_flows];
            runtime =3D end - start;
            if ( runtime > 0 ) {
                throughput[i] =3D packets_received[i]*8000 / runtime;
                printf("%d %f %f %d\n", i, start, end, throughput[i]) >> "t=
hroughput.dat";
            }
        }
        # rate - not very accurate
        if ( packets_sent[i] > 2 ) {
            end =3D node_end_time[i];
            start =3D node_start_time[i];
            runtime =3D end - start;
            if ( runtime > 0 ) {
                rate[i] =3D (packets_sent[i]*8000) / runtime;
                printf("%d %f %f %d\n", i, start, end, rate[i]) >> "rate.da=
t";
            }
        }
    }

    # delay
    for ( pkt in pkt_end_time) {
        end =3D pkt_end_time[pkt];
        start =3D pkt_start_time[pkt];
        delta =3D end - start;
        if ( delta > 0 ) {
            delay[pkt] =3D delta;
            printf("%d %f %f %f\n", pkt, start, end, delta) > "delay.dat";
        }
    }
   =20
    # offered load
    total_runtime =3D last_packet_sent - first_packet_sent;
    if ( total_runtime > 0 && total_packets_sent > 0)
        load =3D ((total_packets_sent * 8000)/total_runtime) / 2000000; # n=
o overhead

    printf("\
      RUN   OFFERED PACKETS  PACKETS  PACKETS             AVERAGE    MAX   =
     MIN        AVERAGE      AVERAGE\n\
FLOWS TIME  LOAD    SENT     RECEIVED DROPPED  COLLISIONS DELAY      DELAY =
     DELAY      THROUGHPUT   TRAFFIC RATE\n\
----- ----- ------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- ---------- ------=
---- ---------- ------------ ------------\n");

    printf("%5d %5.1f %7.4f %8d %8d %8d %10d %10.4f %10.4f %10.4f %12d %12d=
\n",
           number_flows,
           total_runtime,
           load,
           total_packets_sent,
           total_packets_received,
           total_packets_dropped,
           total_collisions,
           average(delay),
           max(delay),
           min(delay),
           average(throughput),
           average(rate));

    printf("%5d %5.1f %7.4f %8d %8d %8d %10d %10.4f %10.4f %10.4f %12d %12d=
\n",
           number_flows,
           total_runtime,
           load,
           total_packets_sent,
           total_packets_received,
           total_packets_dropped,
           total_collisions,
           average(delay),
           max(delay),
           min(delay),
           average(throughput),
           average(rate)) >> "stats.dat";
}

--=-4u/lpYXeoH45EUz4ZptR--

출처 : http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2002-September/025628.html
http://www.gongdory.co.kr/390

Instructor

Prof. Yu Chansu, e-mail: c.yu91@csuohio.edu, Office: SH 437, phone: 2584, Office hour: TR 4-6pm

Course Information

Download here (including syllabus, grading policy, homework assignments, course schedule, etc.)

• Course home page is now open.
• Information on ns-2 from ISI
  
• The Network Simulator - ns-2
• Ns-2 documentation
  
• The Network Simulator: Building Ns
• Running Ns and Nam Under Windows 9x/2000/XP Using Cygwin
• Trace file format in ns-2
• Additional links on ns-2
• NS by Example from WPI
• Marc Greis' NS Tutorial
• Network Simulator 2 for Wireless : My Experience
• NS2.26 Sources Original Compound Index
• IEEE 802.11-1999 standard
  
• Revised schedule for Homework and project
• Monday, Feb. 12: Homework #1
• Carrier sense range must be reduced by having "Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh 3.5e-10" in your script file
  
• Wednesday, Feb. 28 (date changed): Homework #2
• With DSR, "CMUPriQueue" msut be used instead of "Queue/DropTail/PriQueue" for interface queue
• There is a confusion about the deadline. A correct deadline is Wednesday, Feb. 28.
  
• Monday, Mar. 26: Homework #3 (turn in before or in class)
  
• Monday, Apr. 23: Homework #4
• Wednesday, Mar. 7 (date changed): Project #1
• There is a confusion about the deadline. A correct deadline is Wednesday, March 7.
• Wednesday, Mar. 21: Project #2 (midnight)
  
• Wednesday, Apr. 11: Project #3
• Wednesday, May 2: Project #4
• Quiz #1 ~ #6
  

• Week 16 (Project #4 Due May 2, Wed.)
  
• Week 15 (Homework #4 Due April 23, Mon.)
• TCP in mobile networks
• Reading list for TCP
• Chapter 9, "Mobile Communications, Second Edition," Jochen Schiller, Addison Wesley, Second Edition, 2003.
• R. Caceres and L. Iftode, "Improving The Performance of Reliable Transport Protocols in Mobile Computing Environments," IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, pp. 850-857, June 1995.
• G. Holland and N. H. Vaidya, "Analysis of TCP Performance over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," MobiCom'99, August 1999.
• S. Xu, T. Saadawi, “Does the IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol Work Well in Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks?” IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 130-137, Jun. 2001.
• Week 14
  
• TCP in fixed networks
• Lab on TCP
• Fixed network (tcp_simple.tcl, fil2tcp.awk, fil3tcp.awk)
• MobileIP network (infra.tcl, fil-tcp.awk)
  
• Week 13 (Project #3 Due April 11, Wed.)
  
• Multicast
• Reading list for Multicast
• G. Xylomenos and G. C. Polyzos, "IP Multicast for Mobile Hosts," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 54-58, Jan. 1997.
• M. Gerla, C.-C. Chiang, and L. Zhang, "Tree Multicast Strategies in Mobile, Multihop Wireless Networks," ACM/Baltzer Journal of Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET), Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 193-207, 1999.
• Week 12
• Lecture note on Mobile IP has been revised (a later part)
• Reading list for Mobile IP
• Chapter 8, "Mobile Communications, Second Edition," Jochen Schiller, Addison Wesley, Second Edition, 2003.
• J. Ioannidis, D. Duchamp, G. Maguire, Jr, "IP-based Protocols for Mobile Internetworking," SIGCOMM '91, pp. 235 - 245.

• Week 11
• Extra lab for Mobile IP
• Note that trace format for wired node is different from wireless (see Trace file format in ns-2)
• Note also that the 9th item in a wired trace has 4-component source address, where the first three components are the hierarchical address of the wired node and the last component is the port number
• infra-2.tcl
• fil-tcp-2.awk
• Week 10
• March 26 class starts at 1pm
  
• Script fiels for lab exercise (multirate control)
• ex_run
• ex_carj.tcl
• ex_delay.awk
• Lab for Mobile IP
• infra.tcl
• fil-tcp.awk
• Week 08
• Mobile IP
• Access C++ from TCL with ns-2
• Some additions (distance and CPThresh values, new scenario)
• Some corrections (Lab exercise, 6, 18, 36 and 54 Mbps)
• Some revisions (Homework #3)
• Parameters (Common)
  Phy/WirelessPhy set Pt_ 3.981e-3
  Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 7.943e-13
• Parameters (6Mbps)
     Mac/802_11 set dataRate_        6.0e6
     Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 6e6
     Mac/802_11 set PLCPDataRate_ 6.0e6      
     Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 3.999
     Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 6.310e-12
• Parameters (18 Mbps)
     Mac/802_11 set dataRate_        18.0e6
     Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 18e6
     Mac/802_11 set PLCPDataRate_ 18.0e6      
     Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 11.995
     Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 1.995e-11
• Parameters (36 Mbps)
     Mac/802_11 set dataRate_        36.0e6
     Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 36e6
     Mac/802_11 set PLCPDataRate_ 36.0e6      
     Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 75.858
     Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 1.000e-10
• Parameters (54 Mbps)
     Mac/802_11 set dataRate_        54.0e6
     Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 54e6
     Mac/802_11 set PLCPDataRate_ 54.0e6      
     Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 285.759
     Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 3.162e-10
  
• Reading
• J. Schiller, "Mobile network layer," Chapter 8.1~8.2
• A. Myles, D. Johnson, C. Perkins. A Mobile Host Protocol Supporting Route Optimization and  
    Authentication. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, special issue on ``Mobile and