Adhoc Network Key paper

MANET

A. A MANET is an autonomous system of mobile routings (and associated host) connected by wireless links-the union of form an arbitrary graph B. The goal is to support networks scaling up to hundreds of routers

C. Will examine related security issues around MANET D. Documents

• Mailing Lists: General Discussion:manet@itd.nrl.navy.mil To Subscribe: majordomo@itd.nrl.navy.mil In Body: subscribe manet Archive: ftp://manet.itd.nrl.navy.mil/pub/manet/manet.archive
• Request For Comments: Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations (RFC 2501)
• Internet-Drafts: Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) for Ad-Hoc Networks Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Differential Destination Multicast (DDM) Specification Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) Routing Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF)

Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing

Investigation of the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) Sublayer Functions

[1] Power optimization in fault-tolerant topology control algorithms for wireless multi-hop networks

[2] Minimum energy disjoint path routing in wireless ad-hoc networks

[3] The K-Neigh Protocol for Symmetric Topology Control in Ad Hoc Networks

[4] PAN- providing reliable storage in mobile ad hoc networks with probabilistic quorum systems

[5] A Case for Variable-Range Transmission Power Control in Wireless Multihop Networks

[6] Capacity of power constrained ad-hoc networks

[7] Connectivity vs Capacity in Dense Ad Hoc Networks

[8] Throughput-Delay Trade-off in Wireless Networks

[9] A message ferrying approach for data delivery in sparse mobile ad hoc networks

[10] A unified MAC layer framework for ad-hoc networks with smart antennas

[11] Antenna orientation optimization for minimum-energy multicast tree construction in wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas

[12] Asymptotic critical transmission radius and critical neighbor number for k-connectivity in wireless ad hoc networks

[13] Error characteristics of ad hoc positioning systems (aps)

[14] Geometry of information propagation in massively dense ad hoc networks

[15] Locating cache proxies in manets

[16] On the behavior of communication links of a node in a multi-hop mobile environment

[17] Towards mobility as a network control primitive

[18] Scalable Ad Hoc Routing: The Case for Dynamic Addressing

Sensor Network - Key paper

An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Directed Diffusion  A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks

[1] Integrated Coverage and Connectivity Configuration in Wireless Sensor Networks

[2] Matching Data Dissemination Algorithms to Application Requirements

[3] Minimal and Maximal Exposure Path Algorithms for Wireless Embedded Sensor Networks

[4] Minumum-Energy Asynchronous Dissemination to Mobile Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks

[5] Multi-dimensional Range Queries in Sensor Networks

[6] Spatiotemporal Multicast in Sensor Networks

[7] Taming the Underlying Challenges of Reliable Multihop Routing in Sensor Networks

[8] Understanding Packet Delivery Performance In Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

[9] Asymptotics of Query Strategies over a Sensor Network

[10] Energy-Latency Tradeoffs for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks

[11] Modeling the Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks

[12] Movement-Assisted Sensor Deployment

[13] Power-aware base station positioning for sensor networks

[14] Rigidity, Computation, and Randomization in Network Localization

[15] Statistical En-route Filtering of Injected False Data in Sensor Networks

[16] Internal synchronization of drift-constraint clocks in ad-hoc sensor networks

[17] On deriving the upper bound of a-lifetime for large sensor networks

[18] Rate allocation in wireless sensor networks with network lifetime requirement

[19] The Design of an Acquisitional Query Processor for Sensor Networks

[20] Medians and Beyond: New Aggregation Techniques for Sensor Networks

Adhoc & Sensor Security Key paper

Security in Ad hoc Networks

Security in Wireless Sensor Networks

[1] A Pairwise Key Predistribution Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

[2] Location-Aware SecureWireless Multicast in Ad-Hoc Networks under Heterogeneous Path-loss

[3] Establishing Trust In Pure Ad-hoc Networks

[4] Practical PKI for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

[5] Progressive Authentication in Ad Hoc Networks

[6] SPDP A Secure Service Discovery Protocol for Ad-hoc Networks

[7] Trust Evaluation Based Security Solution in Ad Hoc Networks

[8] Packet Leashes A Defense against Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Networks

[9] A Cluster-Based Security Architecture for Ad Hoc Networks

[10] A Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Deployment Knowledge

[11] Distributed Symmetric Key Management for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

[12] SPREAD Enhancing Data Confidentiality in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

[13] Random Key Predistribution Schemes for Sensor Networks

[14] A Cooperative Intrusion Detection System for Ad Hoc Networks

[15] A Specification-based Intrusion Detection System for AODV

[16] Identity Certified Authentication for Ad-hoc Networks

[17] Secure Long Term Communities In Ad Hoc Networks

[18] Security Support for In-Network Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks

[19] Towards Provable Security for Ad Hoc Routing Protocols -technical report-

[20] Cooperative Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Current Efforts Against Malice and Selfishness

[21] Efficient Security Mechanisms for Routing Protocols

[22] Rushing Attacks and Defense in Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols

[23] Securing Ad hoc Routing Protocols

[24] Security-Aware Ad-Hoc Routing for Wireless Networks

[25] The Quest for Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

[26] A Certificate Revocation Scheme for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

[27] Secure information aggregation in sensor networks

[28] TinySec: A Link Layer Security Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks

[29] A key management scheme for distributed sensor networks

Mesh networking

Mesh networking is a way to route data, voice and instructions between nodes. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around blocked paths by "hopping" from node to node until a connection can be established.

Mesh networks are self-healing: the network can still operate even when a node breaks down or a connection goes bad. As a result, a very reliable network is formed.

Mesh networks use an enormous amount of cable, and can sometimes get messy.

See also

Wireless mesh network[For more facts about this topic, click this link]
Mobile ad-hoc network A mobile ad-hoc network (manet) is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links-the union of which form an arbitrary topology....

[For more facts about this topic, click this link]

External links

AirHive Mesh Networking
Video: Basic introduction to Mesh Networks
Video: Mounting an Outdoors Mesh node

Wireless mesh network (Encyclopedia)

[Wireless mesh network facts from encyclopedia topic]


Wireless Mesh Networking is Mesh networking Mesh networking is a way to route data, voice and instructions between nodes....

[For more, click on this link] implemented over a Wireless LAN A wireless lan or wlan is a wireless local area network that uses radio waves as its carrier: the last link with the users is wireless, to give a network connection to all users in a building or campus....

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject].

Networking infrastructure is therefore decentralised and inexpensive, as each node (astronomy) a point where an orbit crosses a plane

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] need only transmit as far as the next node. Nodes act as repeaters (electronics) electronic device that amplifies a signal before transmitting it again

[For more info, click on this link] to transmit data from nearby nodes to peers A nobleman (duke or marquis or earl or viscount or baron) who is a member of the British peerage

[For more facts about this topic, click this link] that are too far away to reach, resulting in a network that can span a large distance, especially over rough or difficult terrain. Mesh networks are also extremely reliable, as each node is connected to several other nodes. If one node drops out of the network, due to hardware failure or any other reason, its neighbours simply find another route. Extra capacity can be installed by simply adding more nodes. Mesh networks may involve either fixed or mobile devices.

The principle is similar to the way packet A small package or bundle

[For more info, click on this link]s travel around the Internet A computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange

[For more info, click on this link] - data will hop from one device to another until it reaches a given destination. Dynamic routing This article describes routing in computer networks, a method of finding paths from origins to destinations, along which information can be passed....

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] capabilities included in each device allow this to happen. To implement such dynamic routing capabilities, each device needs to communicate its routing information to every device it connects with, "almost in real time". Each device then determines what to do with the data it receives - either pass it on to the next device or keep it. The routing algorithm A precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem

[For more info, click on this link] used should attempt to always ensure that the data takes the most appropriate (fastest) route to its destination.

The choice of radio A communication system based on broadcasting electromagnetic waves

[For more info, click on this link] technology for wireless mesh networks is crucial. In a traditional wireless network[For more info, click on this link] where laptop A portable computer small enough to use in your lap

[For more facts about this topic, click this link]s connect to a single access point A wireless access point (wap or ap) is a device that "connects" wireless communication devices together to create a wireless network....

[For more, click on this link], the more laptops connected the less bandwidth A data transmission rate; the maximum amount of information (bits/second) that can be transmitted along a channel

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] available for each user. This is because the devices share a fixed bandwidth amount. With mesh technology and adaptive radio, devices in a mesh network will only connect with other devices that are in a set range. Like a natural load balancing system the more devices the more bandwidth available, provided that the number of hops in the average communications path is kept low.

To prevent increased hop count from cancelling out the advantages of multiple transceivers, one common type of architecture for a mobile mesh network includes multiple fixed base stations with "cut through" high-bandwidth terrestrial links that will provide gateway An entrance that can be closed by a gate

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject]s to services, the Internet A computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange

[For more info, click on this link] and other fixed base stations. The "cut through" bandwidth of the base station infrastructure must be substantial for the network to operate effectively. However, one feature of wireless mesh networks is that an operator need only deploy a minimal base station infrastructure, and allow the users themselves to extend the network.

Since these networks have the potential to be much cheaper than traditional infrastructure, a number of wireless community network[Click link for more facts about this topic] groups are experimenting with wireless mesh networks.

Protocols

There are more than 70 competing schemes for routing packets across mesh networks. Some of these include:
TORA The temporally-ordered routing algorithm (tora) is an algorithm for routing data across wireless mesh networks or mobile ad-hoc networks....

[For more info, click on this link] (Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm)
OORP[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (OrderOne Routing Protocol)
AODV The ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (aodv) routing algorithm is an algorithm for routing data across wireless mesh networks....

[Click link for more facts about this topic] (Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector)
OLSR The optimized link state routing protocol (olsr) is a protocol to connect mobile ad-hoc networks, also sometimes called wireless mesh networks....

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Optimized Link State Routing protocol)
HSLS[For more, click on this link] (Hazy-Sighted Link State)

A more thorough list can be found at Ad hoc protocol list[Click link for more facts about this topic], and implementations at Ad hoc protocols implementations[For more info, click on this link].

See also

Mesh networking Mesh networking is a way to route data, voice and instructions between nodes....

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject]
Mobile ad-hoc network A mobile ad-hoc network (manet) is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links-the union of which form an arbitrary topology....

[Click link for more facts about this topic]
Wireless Distribution System Wireless distribution system is a system that enables the interconnection of access points wirelessly....

[For more info, click on this link]
Wireless LAN A wireless lan or wlan is a wireless local area network that uses radio waves as its carrier: the last link with the users is wireless, to give a network connection to all users in a building or campus....

[Click link for more facts about this topic]
Peer to peer A peer-to-peer (or p2p) computer network is a network that relies on computing power at the edges (ends) of a connection rather than in the network itself....

[Click link for more facts about this topic]
ZigBee Zigbee is a published specification set of high level communication protocols designed to use small, low power digital radios based on the ieee 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal area networks...

[For more info, click on this link]
Ant colony optimization[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject]

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/m/mesh_networking

Ad hoc protocol list

An Ad hoc protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, communication, and data transfer between computing devices in a mobile ad-hoc network A mobile ad-hoc network (manet) is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links-the union of which form an arbitrary topology....

[For more info, click on this link] (MANET).

(The following page provides information on Ad hoc protocols implementations[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject])

Note that in a wider context, an ad hoc protocol can also mean an improvised and often impromptu protocol (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data

[For more facts about this topic, click this link] established for a particular specific purpose.

The following is a list of some ad-hoc network protocols:

Pro-active: (Table-driven)

CGSR (Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing protocol) - Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing protocol (CGSR) [Murthy96] S. Murthy and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "An Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Networks", ACM Mobile Networks and App. J., Special Issue on Routing in Mobile Communication Networks, Oct. 1996, pp. 183-97. http://www.ics.uci.edu/atm/adhoc/paper-collection/aceves-routing-winet.pdf

DBF Dbase was the first widely used database management system or dbms for microcomputers, published by ashton-tate for cp/m, and later on the apple ii, apple macintosh and ibm pc under dos...

[For more, click on this link] (Distributed Bellman-Ford Routing Protocol) - DIMITRI P. BERTSEKAS, ROBERT G. GALLAGER, Distributed Asynchronous Bellman-Ford Algorithm, Data Networks, pp. 325-333, Prentice Hall, Enlgewood Cliffs, 1987, ISBN 0-13-196825-4

DSDV (Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing protocol) - C. E. PERKINS, P. BHAGWAT Higly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DTDV) for Mobile Computers Proc. of the SIGCOMM 1994 Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications, Aug 1994, pp 234-244.

HSLS[For more, click on this link] (Hazy Sighted Link State routing protocol) - CESAR SANTIVANEZ AND RAM RAMANATHAN Hazy Sighted Link State routing protocol (HSLS),BBN Technical Memorandum No. 1301, August 31, 2001. http://www.cuwireless.net/OSI/progress_report.html

HSR[For more, click on this link] (Hierarchical State Routing protocol) - ALAN O'NEILL HONGYI LI HIERARCHICAL STATE ROUTING PROTOCOL Internet Draft, draft-oneill-li-hsr-00.txt http://alternic.net/drafts/drafts-o-p/draft-oneill-li-hsr-00.txt Distance Source Distance Vector routing protocol (DSDV)

LCA Lca may stand for:...

[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (Linked Cluster Architecture) - M. GERLA, J. T. TSAI Multicluster, Mobile, Multimedia Radio Network ACM Wireless Networks, VOl 1, No.3, 1995, pp. 255-265

MMRP (Mobile Mesh Routing Protocol) - K. GRACE Mobile Mesh Routing Protocol (MMRP), http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_transfer/mobilemesh/

OLSR The optimized link state routing protocol (olsr) is a protocol to connect mobile ad-hoc networks, also sometimes called wireless mesh networks....

[For more info, click on this link] (Optimized Link State Routing Protocol) - PHILIPPE JACQUET, PAUL MUHLETHALER, AMIR QAYYUM, ANIS LAOUITI, LAURENT VIENNOT, THOMAS CLAUSEN Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Internet Draft, RFC 3626. http://www.olsr.net/, http://www.olsr.org/

STAR (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

[For more info, click on this link] (Source Tree Adaptive routing protocol) - J.J. GARCIA-LUNA, M. SPOHN Source Tree Adaptive Routing Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-star-00.txt, work in progress, October 1999. / J.J. GARCIA-LUNA, M. SPOHN Source-Tree Routing in Wireless Networks, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Network Protocols, IEEE ICNP 99, Toronto, Candada, pp. 273-282, IEEE, October 1999 http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/garcia-luna-aceves99sourcetree.html

TBRPF (Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding routing protocol) - BHARGAV BELLUR, RICHARD G. OGIER, FRED L. TEMPLIN Topology Broadcast Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF) RFC 3684, work in progress, June 2001.

WRP[Click link for more facts about this topic] (Wireless Routing Protocol) - SHREE MURTHY, J.J. GARCIA-LUNA-AVECES A Routing Protocol for Packet Radio Networks, Proc. ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 86-95, November, 1995. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/murthy95routing.html

Reactive: (On-demand)

ARA Macaws

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Ant-based Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks) - Mesut G?es et. al., ARA - the ant-colony based routing algorithm for manets, In Stephan Olariu, editor, Proceedings of the 2002 ICPP Workshop on Ad Hoc Networks (IWAHN 2002), pages 79-85, IEEE Computer Society Press, August 2002, http://www.adhoc-nets.de

ABR[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (Associativity-Based Routing protocol) - CHAI-KEONG TOH: A Novel Distributed Routing Protocol To Support Ad hoc Mobile Computing, Proc. IEEE 15th Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications, IEEE IPCCC 1996, March 27-29, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 480-486 / CHAI-KEONG TOH: Long-lived Ad Hoc Routing based on the Concept of Associativity, Internet Draft, March 1999, Expired, http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/99nov/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-longlived-adhoc-routing-00.txt

AODV The ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (aodv) routing algorithm is an algorithm for routing data across wireless mesh networks....

[For more info, click on this link] (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing protocol) - C. PERKINS, E.ROYER AND S. DAS Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing, RFC 3561

BSR (Backup Source Routing protocol) - SONG GUO, OLIVER W. YANG Performance of Backup Source Routing (BSR) in mobile ad hoc networks p 440-444, Proc. 2002 IEEE Wireless Networking Conference

CHAMP Someone who has won first place in a competition

[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (CacHing And MultiPath routing protocol) - ALVIN C. VALERA, WINSTON K.G. SEAH AND S.V. RAO, CHAMP: A Highly-Resilient and Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks (MWCN 2002), Stockholm, Sept 9 - 11, 2002. Available from: http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~winston/papers/MWCN2002-CHAMP.pdf

DSR[For more, click on this link] (Dynamic Source Routing protocol) - DAVID JOHNSON, DAVID MALTZ, YIH-CHUN HU: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-dsr-10.txt, work in progress, July 2004 / DAVID B. JOHNSON, DAVID A. MALTZ: Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Mobile Computing, Thomasz Imielinski and Hank Korth (Editors), Vol. 353, Chapter 5, pp. 153-181, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996

DSRFLOW Dsrflow, the flow-state extensions to dynamic source routing (dsr), are a set of extensions that provide all of the benefits of source routing, without most of the per-packet overhead that is associated with...

[For more info, click on this link] (Flow State in the Dynamic Source Routing protocol) - YIH-CHUN HU, DAVID B. JOHNSON, DAVID A. MALTZ Flow State in the Dynamic Source Routing Protocol Internet Draft, draft-ietf- manet-dsrflow-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001.

DNVR (Dynamic NIx-Vector Routing) - Young J. Lee and George F. Riley, Dynamic NIx-Vector Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2005), New Orleans, Mar. 13 - 17, 2005.

DYMO (DYnamic Manet On-demand routing protocol) - I. Chakeres, E. Belding-Royer AND C. Perkins: Dynamic MANET On-demand Routing Protocol (DYMO), Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-dymo-00.txt, work in progress, January 2005. http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-manet-dymo-00.txt

FORP (Flow Oriented Routing Protocol)

GB A unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Gafni-Bertsekas), E. Gafni, D. Bertsekas: Distributed Algorithms for Generating Loop-free Routes in Networks with Frequently Changing Topology, IEEE Transactions on Communication, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan, 1981, pp.11-15. The first Link Reversal Routing (LRR) algorithm.

LBR[Click link for more facts about this topic] (Link life Based routing), B. S. Manoj, R. Ananthapadmanabha, and C. Siva Ram Murthy, "Link life Based Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks", Proc. of The 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications 2001 (IC3N 2001), October 2001.

LMR[For more info, click on this link] (Lightweight Mobile Routing protocol) - M.S. CORSON AND A. EPHREMIDES Lightweight Mobile Routing protocol (LMR), A distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks, Wireless Networks 1 (1995).A Link Reversal Routing (LRR) algorithm.

LUNAR Lunar may refer to: ...

[For more, click on this link] (Lightweight Underlay Network Ad hoc Routing) - CHRISTIAN TSCHUDIN AND RICHARD GOLD Lightweight Underlay Network Ad hoc Routing (LUNAR), http://www.docs.uu.se/selnet/lunar/

MOR Middle of the road or mor is a broad term encompassing a number of musical styles....

[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (Multipath On-demand Protocol)

MPRDV (Multipoint Relay Distance Vector protocol) - G?aud Allard, Philippe Jacquet and Laurent Viennot. "Ad hoc routing with multipoint relaying", http://gyroweb.inria.fr/~viennot/postscripts/algotel2003ajv.pdf

RDMAR (Relative-Distance Micro-discovery Ad hoc Routing protocol) - G. AGGELOU, R. TAFAZOLLI Relative Distance Micro-discovery Ad Hoc Routing (RDMAR) protocol Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet- rdmar-00.txt, work in progress, September 1999.

SSR[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (Signal Stability Routing protocol) - R. DUBE, C. D. RAIS, K. WANG, AND S. K. TRIPATHI Signal Stability based adaptive routing (SSR alt SSA) for ad hoc mobile networks, IEEE Personal Communication, Feb. 1997. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/dube97signal.html

TORA The temporally-ordered routing algorithm (tora) is an algorithm for routing data across wireless mesh networks or mobile ad-hoc networks....

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm routing protocol) - V. PARK, S. CORSON TEMPORALLY-ORDERED ROUTING ALGORITHM (TORA) VERSION 1 Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-tora-spec- 03.txt, work in progress, June 2001. A Link Reversal Routing (LRR) algorithm.

PLBR (Preferred link based routing)-- R. S. Sisodia, B. S. Manoj, and C. Siva Ram Murthy, "A Preferred Link Based Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", Journal of Communications and Networks, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 14-21, March 2002.

Hierarchical:

BRP[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (Bordercast Resolution Protocol) - ZYGMUNT J. HAAS, MARC R. PEARLMAN, PRINCE SAMAR The Bordercast Routing Protocol (BRP) for Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/02nov/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-zone-brp-02.txt, work in progress, July 2002.

CBRP (Cluster Based Routing Protocol) - M. JIANG, J. LI, Y. C. TAY Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) Functional Specification Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-cbrp.txt, work in progress, June 1999.

CEDAR Any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing) - RAGHUPATHY SIVAKUMAR, PRASUN SINHA, VADUVUR BHARGHAVAN Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing (CEDAR) Specification, Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-cedar-spec-00.txt

DART (Dynamic Address Routing) - JAKOB ERIKSSON, MICHALIS FALOUTSOS, SRIKANTH KRISHNAMURTHY Scalable Ad Hoc Routing: The Case for Dynamic Addressing, in proceedings of INFOCOM 2004. Project website http://dart.cs.ucr.edu

DDR (Distributed Dynamic Routing Algorithm) - NAVID NIKAEIN, HOUDA LABIOD, CHRISTIAN BONNET Distributed Dynamic Routing Algorithm (DDR) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, in proceedings of the MobiHOC 2000 : First Annual Workshop on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing http://www.eurecom.fr/~nikaeinn/ddr.ps

FSR (Fisheye State Routing protocol) - MARIO GERLA, GUANGYU PEI, XIAOYAN HONG, TSU-WEI CHEN Fisheye State Routing Protocol (FSR) for Ad Hoc Networks Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-fsr-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001.

GSR A change in the electrical properties of the skin in response to stress or anxiety; can be measured either by recording the electrical resistance of the skin or by recording weak currents generated by the body

[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (Global State Routing protocol) - Global State Routing protocol (GSR) [Chen98] Tsu-Wei Chen and Mario Gerla, "Global State Routing: A New Routing Scheme for Ad-hoc Wireless Networks" Proc. IEEE ICC'98, Atlanta, GA, USA, June 1998, pp. 171-175. http://www.ics.uci.edu/atm/adhoc/paper-collection/gerla-gsr-icc98.pdf; [Iwata99] A. Iwata, C.-C. Chiang, G. Pei, M. Gerla, and T.-W. Chen, "Scalable Routing Strategies for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks" IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Ad-Hoc Networks, Aug. 1999, pp.1369-79. http://www.cs.ucla.edu/NRL/wireless/PAPER/jsac99.ps.gz

HARP A chordophone that has a triangular frame consisting of a sounding board and a pillar and a curved neck; the strings stretched between the neck and the soundbox are plucked with the fingers

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Hybrid Ad Hoc Routing Protocol) - NAVID NIKAEIN, CHRISTIAN BONNET, NEDA NIKAEIN Hybrid Ad Hoc Routing Protocol - HARP, in proceeding of IST 2001: International Symposium on Telecommunications http://www.eurecom.fr/~nikaeinn/harp.ps

HSR[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Host Specific Routing protocol)

IARP (Intrazone Routing Protocol) - ZYGMUNT J. HAAS, MARC R. PEARLMAN, PRINCE SAMAR The Intrazone Routing Protocol (IARP) for Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/02nov/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-zone-iarp-02.txt, work in progress, July 2002.

IERP (Interzone Routing Protocol) - ZYGMUNT J. HAAS, MARC R. PEARLMAN, PRINCE SAMAR The Interzone Routing Protocol (IERP) for Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/02nov/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-zone-ierp-02.txt, work in progress, July 2002.

LANMAR (Landmark Routing Protocol for Large Scale Networks) - MARIO GERLA, XIAOYAN HONG, LI MA, GUANGYU PEI Landmark Routing Protocol (LANMAR) Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet- lanmar-01.txt, work in progress, June 2001.

OORP[For more info, click on this link] (OrderOne Routing Protocol) - establishes a hierarchy, then uses ant-trail style rerouting to optimize it. Patented. OrderOne Networks- includes Java simulations and anmiations

ZRP Zone routing protocol or zrp is a hybrid protocol for wireless networking....

[Click link for more facts about this topic] (Zone Routing Protocol protocol) - ZYGMUNT J. HAAS, MARC R. PEARLMAN, PRINCE SAMAR The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) for Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/02nov/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp-04.txt, work in progress, July 2002.

Geographical:

DREAM A series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep

[For more facts about this topic, click this link] (Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility) - S. BASAGNI, I. CHLAMTAC, V. R. SYROTIUK, B. A. WOODWARD A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM) In Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobicom, pages 76-84, October 1998.

GLS(Grid) (Geographic Location Service) - JINYANG LI, JOHN JANOTTI, DOUGLAS S. J. DE COUTU, DAVID R. KARGER, ROBERT MORRIS A Scalable Location Service for Geographic Ad Hoc Routing M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science

LAR[Click link for more facts about this topic] (Location-Aided Routing protocol) - Y.-B. KO, V. N. H. Location-Aided Routing in mobile Ad hoc networks In Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobicom, pages 66-75, October 1998.

GPSAL (GPS Ant-Like Routing Algorithm) - Daniel C?ara, Antonio Alfredo F. Loureiro, A Novel Routing Algorithm for Hoc Networks, Baltzer Journal of Telecommunications Systems, 18:1-3, 85-100, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

ZHLS (Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State Routing) - JOA NG, I-TAI LU Zone-Based Hierchical Link State Routing (ZHLS). An abstract routing protocol and medium access protocol for mobile ad hoc networks Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy (Electrical engineering) in January 1999.

GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) - BRAD N. KARP, H. T. KUNG GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks, Proceedings of the sixth annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom '00), pages 243-254, August 2000.

Power aware:

ISAIAH An Old Testament book consisting of Isaiah's prophecies

[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Infra-Structure Aodv for Infrastructured Ad Hoc networks) - ANDERS LINDGREN AND OLOV SCHEL? Infrastructured ad hoc networks In Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (International Workshop on Ad Hoc Networking (IWAHN 2002)). pages 64-70. August 2002.

PARO Paro is the name of a city and a valley in the kingdom of bhutan....

[Click link for more facts about this topic] (Power-Aware Routing Optimization Protocol) - J. GOMEZ, A. T. CAMPBELL, M. NAGHSHINEH, C. BISDIKIAN, T.J. WATSON POWER-AWARE ROUTING OPTIMIZATION PROTOCOL (PARO) Internet Draft, draft-gomez-paro-manet-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001. http//comet.ctr.columbia.edu/~javierg/paro/draft-gomez-paro-manet-00.txt

EADSR (Energy Aware Dynamic Source Routing Protocol) - T.X. Brown, S. Doshi, S. Bhandare, University of Colorado-Boulder, draft-brown-eadsr-00.txt, work in progress, June 2003, source code and documentation at http://pecolab.colorado.edu/EADSR.htm

PAMAS (PAMAS-Power Aware Multi Access Protocol with Signaling Ad Hoc Networks) - S. SINGH, C.S. RAGHAVENDRA PAMAS & PAMAS-Power Aware Multi Access Protocol with Signaling Ad Hoc Networks

Multicast:

ABAM (On-Demand Associativity-Based Multicast) - C.-K TOH, G. GUICHAL, AND S. BUNCHUA On-demand associativity-based multicast routing for ad hoc mobile networks (ABAM), Vehicular Technology Conference, 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC 2000. 52nd, Volume: 3, 2000, Page(s): 987 -993 vol.3

ADMR (Adaptive Demand-Driven Multicast Routing protocol) - JORJETA G. JETCHEVA, DAVID B. JOHNSON Adaptive Demand-Driven Multicast Routing protocol (ADMR), Internet Draft, draft- jetcheva-manet-admr-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001.

AMRIS (Ad hoc Multicast Routing protocol utilising Increasing id-numbers) - C.W. WU AND Y.C. TAY Ad hoc Multicast Routing protocol utilizing Increasing id-numbers (AMRIS) In Proceedings of IEEE MILCOM'99, Atlantic City, NJ, Nov. 1999.

DCMP (Dynamic Core Based Multicast Routing Protocol - S. K. Das, B. S. Manoj, and C. S. R. Murthy, "Dynamic Core Based Multicast Routing Protocol", In Proc. ACM Mobihoc 2002, June 2002.

AMRoute (Ad hoc Multicast Routing Protocol) - MINGYAN LIU, RAJESH R. TALPADE, ANTHONY MCAULEY, ETHENDRANATH BOMMAIAH Ad hoc Multicast Routing Protocol (AMroute), UMD TechReport 99-8

CAMP Temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

[For more info, click on this link] (Core-Assisted Mesh Protocol) - J.J. GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES AND E.L. MADRUGA The Core Assisted Mesh Protocol (CAMP), IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Ad-Hoc Networks, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 1380-1394, August 1999.

CBM (Content Based Multicast) - H. ZHOU AND S. SINGH Content Based Multicast (CBM) in Ad Hoc Networks, Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Workshop on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MOBIHOC), Boston, MA, August 2000, pp. 5160. 260

DDM The east german mark (german language: mark der ddr), commonly called ostmark, "eastern mark", was the currency of east germany....

[Click link for more facts about this topic] (Differential Destination Multicast) - L. JI, M. S. CORSON DIFFERENTIAL DESTINATION MULTICAST (DDM) SPECIFICATION, Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-ddm-00.txt

FGMP (Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol) - CHIANG, GERLA, ZHANG 1998 Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol (FGMP)

LAM A rapid escape (as by criminals)

[For more, click on this link] (Lightweight Adaptive Multicast protocol) - L. JI AND M.S. CORSON Lightweight Adaptive Multicast protocol (LAM), In Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM'98, Sydney, Australia, Nov. 1998

DSR-MB (Simple Protocol for Multicast and Broadcast using DSR) - JORJETA G. JETCHEVA, YIH-CHUN HU, DAVID A. MALTZ, DAVID B. JOHNSON A Simple Protocol for Multicast and Broadcast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-simple-mbcast-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001.

MAODV (Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing) - ELIZABETH M. ROYER, CHARLES E. PERKINS Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing (MAODV), Internet Draft, draft- ietf-manet-maodv-00.txt

MCEDAR (Multicast CEDAR) - SINHA AND BHARGHAVAN Multicast core extraction distributed ad-hoc routing (MCEDAR). In Proc. of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 1999.

MZR[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] (Multicast Zone Routing protocol) - VIJAY DEVARAPALLI, ALI A. SELCUK, DEEPINDER SIDHU Multicast Zone Routing protocol (MZR), Internet Draft, draft-vijay-manet- mzr-01.txt, work in progress, June 2001.

ODMRP (On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol) - S.-J. Lee, M. Gerla, and C.-C. Chiang On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) Proceedings of IEEE WCNC'99, New Orleans, LA, Sep. 1999, pp. 1298-1302. Available from: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/NRL/wireless/PAPER/odmrp-wcnc99.ps.gz

SRMP (Source Routing-based Multicast Protocol) - HOUDA LABOID, HASNAA MOUSTAFA Source Routing-based Multicast Protocol (SRMP), Internet Draft, draft-labiod-manet-srmp- 00.txt, work in progress, June 2001.

Geographical Multicast (Geocasting):

LBM (Location Based Multicast) - Y.KO AND VAIDYA 1998 Location Based Multicast (LBM)

GeoGRID (Geographical GRID (see GLS)) - WEN-HWA LIAO AND JANG-PING SHEU AND YU-CHEE TSENG GeoGRID & Geographical GRID: A Fully Location-Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Telecommunication Systems 2001,volume 18, number 1-3, pages 37-60

GeoTORA (Geographical TORA (see TORA)) - Y. KO AND N. VAIDYA A protocol for geocasting in mobile ad hoc networks (GeoTORA) Tech. Rep. 00-010, Dept. of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, March 2000. 23

MRGR (Mesh-Based Geocast Routing) - BOLENG, CAMP AND TOLETY 2001 Mesh-Based Geocast Routing (MRGR)

Other:

FQMM (Flexible QoS Model for MANET) - H. XIAO, WINSTON K.G. SEAH, A. LO and K.C. CHUA, A Flexible Quality of Service Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In the proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 15-18 May 2000, Tokyo, Japan, pp445-449. Available from: http://www1.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/~winston/papers/VTC2000Spring-FQMM.pdf

IMEP (Internet Manet Encapsulation Protocol) - M. S. CORSON, S. PAPADEMETRIOU, P. PAPADOPOULOS, V. PARK, A. QAYYUM INTERNET MANET ENCAPSULATION PROTOCOL (IMEP) SPECIFICATION, Internet Draft draft-ietf-manet-imep-spec-01.txt

Terminode Routing which is a combination of two routing methods namely Termode local routing and Terminode Remote Routing

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